Monitoring

Signs to Eruptions:
1. Increase in seismicity level (Background: 0-10 volcanic quakes per day)

2. Ground tilt due to magma intrusion.

3. Change in color of steam production from white to gray due to entrained ash

4. Increase in the volume of steam emission

5. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater.

6. Rumbling sounds due to gas explosions, wall fracturing, landslides
VOLCANIC HAZARDS

Type of Hazards:
1. Airfall tephra
2. Lava flows
3. Pyroclastic flows
4. Lahars

Permanent Danger Zone: six (6) km radius from the summit

Current Monitoring Methods:
1. Seismic monitoring (number of volcanic quakes and tremors)
2. Ground deformation (precise leveling, electronic tilt, GPS)
3. Visual observations
4. Sulfur dioxide emission rate (by COSPEC)
5. Water well monitoring

Hazard Map

Areas at risk of pyroclastic flow
Areas at risk of lava flow
Areas at high risk of lahar
Areas at moderate risk of lahar
Areas susceptible to tsunamis
Areas at risk of fallout